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SubjectFree lesson

COMPREHENSION

ClassNotes Team 10 MIN READUPDATED 19 JUN 2026

ENGLISH LANGUAGE S.S.S2 THIRD TERM

WEEK ONE

THEME: SPEECH

COMPREHENSION

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE

Students should be able to;

  1. Explain what is required of critical evaluation
  2. Answer questions from passage

CONTENT

Dolphins

Dolphins are mammals although they live in the sea. They are members of a group of mammals called cetaceans or whales. Whales are divided into 2 groups. One group lacks teeth. Most large whales belong to this first group. Dolphins belong to the second group which has teeth.

Dolphins live mainly in warm, tropical seas in the open ocean, bays, and coral reefs. They join together in herds or groups. Sometimes as many as one million live together but they usually live in smaller herds. River dolphins can be seen in groups of only three or four.

Dolphins range in size from five feet to thirteen feet. They have black and white backs to help them blend into colourless deep seas. Their bellies are light-coloured and help them avoid being seen by the sharks below. The light colour blends with the sky-bright seas as the sharks look up at them.

 

The dolphin has a torpedo shape, long and thin. It can move quickly through the water as the flippers help it steer. The dolphin doesn't have bones. The fins keep the dolphin going in a straight line. Both the fin and flippers sense objects that may be in the way.

Strong muscles along the side of a dolphin move the tail up and down. Their skin is smooth and has no scales. A thick layer of blubber is under their skin. This layer keeps them warm. A dolphin's eyes move independently. One is located on each side of the head. They can see all around and straight ahead. They do not have a sense of smell.

Dolphins communicate with their voices and have good hearing. With these abilities, they can catch food and speak with other dolphins. To find prey they make a clicking sound. The sound of this clicking bounces off anything in its path. The dolphins hear the echo of the clicking and know where prey is located. This method of finding prey is called echolocation.

Dolphins can also communicate with their friends by sounds. Certain sounds send different messages. Dolphins will go to help another dolphin if they hear a cry for aid. Each dolphin has its own specific sound. It can be identified by other dolphins. Being able to communicate well with others is a sign of great intelligence.

Dolphins swim between three and seven miles an hour. They can go as fast as twenty-two miles per hour. They usually dive from ten to one-hundred-fifty feet to find food. A dive could last up to fifteen minutes.

The most common type of dolphin near the shore is the bottlenose dolphin. Their backs are grey and their underbellies white or pink. They grow to about eight feet. They weigh about two hundred pounds.

In summary, dolphins are mammals although they live in the sea. They are one of two groups of whales. Many larger whales belong to the group which has no teeth. Dolphins belong to the second group of whales and have teeth.

 

  1. Which of the following statements is true?

A: All dolphins have teeth.

B: Dolphins are mammals

C: Neither a nor b

D: Both a and b

  1. Which of the following is another name for a group of dolphins?

A: Pack

B: Brace

C: Flock

D: Herd

  1. Which of the following explains how blubber helps a dolphin?

A: It provides food for it.

B: It sends a signal to other dolphins.

C: It can keep it warm.

D: It helps the dolphin steer its body.

  1. Which of the following does a dolphin use for echolocation?

A: It helps it dive.

B: It helps it find prey.

C: It helps it go in a straight line.

D: It helps it jump out of the water.

  1. Which of the following statements is true?

A: Each dolphin has its own identifiable sound.

B: Dolphins can cry for help to other dolphins.

C: Different sounds send different messages.

D: All of the above

  1. How deep does a dolphin usually dive for its prey?

A: Three to five feet

B: Ten to one-hundred-fifty feet

C: One to two feet

D: Fifteen to twenty-five feet

THEME: STRUCTURE

INTRODUCTION TO CLAUSES

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE

Students should be able to;

  1. Explain what a clause is
  2. Explain features of a clause

CONTENT

A clause is comprised of a group of words which includes a subject and a finite verb. A clause contains only one subject and one verb. The subject of a clause can be mentioned or hidden, but the verb must be apparent and distinguishable.

 

A clause “a group of words containing a subject and predicate and functioning as a member of a complex or compound sentence.

” – Merriam-Webster

Example:

I graduated last year. (One clause sentence)

When I came here, I saw him. (Two clause sentence)

When I came here, I saw him, and he greeted me. (Three clause sentence)

 

 

Types of Clause

Clauses are mainly of two types:

  1. Independent Clause
  2. Dependent Clause

Independent Clause

An independent clause functions on its own to make a meaningful sentence and looks much like a regular sentence.

In a sentence two independent clauses can be connected by the coordinators: and, but, so, or, nor, for*, yet*.

Example:

  • He is a wise man.
  • I like him.
  • Can you do it?
  • Do it please. (Subject you is hidden)

I read the whole story.

I want to buy a phone, but I don’t have enough money. (Two independent clauses)

He went to London and visited the Lords. (Subject of the second clause is ‘he,' so “he visited the Lords” is an independent clause.)

Dependent Clause

A dependent clause cannot function on its own because it leaves an idea or thought unfinished. It is also called a subordinate clause. Dependent clauses help the independent clauses complete the sentence. A dependent clause alone cannot form a complete sentence.

The subordinators do the work of connecting the dependent clause to another clause to complete the sentence. In each of the dependent clause, the first word is a subordinator. Subordinators include relative pronouns, subordinating conjunctions, and noun clause markers.

 

Example:

  • When I was dating Daina, I had an accident.
  • I know the man who stole the watch.
  • He bought a car which was too expensive.
  • I know that he cannot do it.
  • He does not know where he was born.
  • If you don’t eat, I won’t go.
  • He is a very talented player though he is out of form.

 

THEME: VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

WORDS ASSOCIATED WITH AGRICULTURE

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE

Students should be able to;

  1. Explain agriculture
  2. List and mention words related to agriculture

CONTENT

Words that are associated with Agriculture

  1. Ability - (noun) Our ability to produce hay has tripled over the past three years.
  2. Academic - (adjective) It's important to have an academic background when breeding crops.
  3. Activities - (noun) Our fall activities include a hayride and corn maze.
  4. Affect - (verb) The past winter's rains will affect the harvest.
  5. Agricultural - (adjective) The agricultural landscape has changed greatly over the past fifty years.
  6. Agriculture - (noun) Agriculture used to play a much larger role in the economy.
  7. American - (adjective) American farmers produce wheat which is sold abroad.
  8. Animal - (Noun) It's important not to feed these animals and corn.
  9. Aquaculture - (noun) Aquaculture is an expanding business opportunity.
  10. Aspect - (noun) One aspect of our business focuses on grain production.
  11. Background - (noun) Our family has an excellent background in agriculture.
  12. Bails - (noun) Pick up those bails of hay and take them to the barn.
  13. Bitten - (adjective) If you've been bitten by a snake, see the doctor!
  14. Breed - (noun) We breed horses on our ranch.
  15. Breeding  - (noun) Breeding dogs is a popular business in the countryside.
  16. Business  - (noun) Our business focuses on hemp import.
  17. Care - (noun) We should provide better care for our livestock.
  18. Cattle - (noun) The cattle are in the south field.
  19. Certification - (noun) We need to apply for certification once every three years.
  20. Chemicals - (noun plural) We promise not to use chemicals in our fertilizer.
  21. Clean - (adjective) You'll find the barn is clean and ready for the livestock.
  22. Climate - (noun) The climate is changing rapidly and we need to respond.
  23. Cold - (adjective) Last year we lost a few crops to the cold.
  24. Common - (adjective) It's a common method to fight insect infestation.
  25. Communication - (noun) The communication between farmer and market is essential.
  26. Computer - (noun) Use that computer to do the bookkeeping.
  27. Conditions  - (noun) We'll harvest next week if weather conditions are good.
  28. Constantly - (adverb) We strive to constantly improve our products.
  29. Continue  - (verb) Let's continue watering this field until five.
  30. Contract  - (noun) We signed a contract to deliver 200 head of cattle.
  31. Contrast - (noun/verb) We contrast our products to others by organically farming.
  32. Cooperative - (noun) The farmer's cooperative sells vegetables at very reasonable prices.
  33. Corporation - (noun) Unfortunately, corporations are replacing family farms.
  34. Cow - (noun) The cow was ill and was slaughtered.
  35. Credit - (Noun) It's risky business taking out credit to seed a new field.
  36. Crop - (noun) This year's corn crop was outstanding.
  37. Customer  - (noun) The customer is always king.
  38. Dairy - (adjective) Our dairy products are sold throughout Washington.
  39. Decade- (noun) We've been in the business for more than a decade.
  40. Decline - (noun/verb) Unfortunately, we've seen a decline in sales recently.
  41. Deliver - (verb) We deliver sod to your home.
  42. Demands - (noun) The demands of farming gets me up early every morning.
  43. Disease - (noun) Make sure that there is no disease in that crop.
  44. Driver's - (adjective) Get a driver's license and we can put you to work.
  45. Duties - (noun) Your duties include gathering eggs every morning.
  46. Egg - (noun) We gather more than 1,000 eggs each day.
  47. Environment - (noun) The environment is fragile.
  48. Equipment - (noun) The equipment is located in the barn.
  49. Exposure- (noun) The eastern field has more exposure to the sun.
  50. Facilities - (noun) Our facilities include three hundred acres of pasture land.
  51. Farm - (noun) The farm is located in Vermont.
  52. Farmer - (noun) The farmer purchased seed for his livestock.
  53. Feed - (noun) Take the feed out to the barn.
  54. Fertilizer - (noun) We use the best fertilizer possible on our crops.
  55. Fibre - (noun) You need more fibre in your diet.
  56. Fish - (noun) Fish can be farmed for profit.
  57. Flower - (noun) We grow and sell flowers from all over the world.
  58. Fruit - (noun) The fruit is ripe.
  59. Grazing - (noun) Our horses are out grazing.
  60. Greenhouse - (noun) We grow tomatoes in the greenhouse.
  61. Grown - (adjective) We sell grown shrubs.
  62. Handle - (noun/verb) Grab that handle and let's lift this up onto the truck.
  63. Harvest - (noun/verb) Last year's harvest was excellent.
  64. Hay - (noun) Load the hay into the back of the truck.
  65. Hazardous - (adjective) Be careful of the hazardous chemicals in some fertilizers.
  66. Health - (noun) Take care of your health.
  67. Horse - (noun) The horse needs to be shoed.
  68. Horticulture - (noun) Horticulture should be taught in our local high school.
  69. Indoors - (noun) We grow the plants indoors in a controlled setting.
  70. Knowledge - (noun) He has a lot of knowledge about local plants.
  71. Labourer - (noun) We need to hire some labourers to help with the harvest.
  72. Land - (noun) You should invest in some new land for grazing.
  73. Landowner  - (noun) The landowner rented out the land to a local business.
  74. Landscaping - (noun) Landscaping involves taking care of gardens and lawns.