Meaning and Objectives of Physical and Health Education I
Physical and Health Education J.S.S 1 First Term
Theme:
WEEK 1
Meaning and Objectives of Physical and Health Education I
Performance Objectives
Students should be able to:
- Differentiate between physical education and Health Education.
- Explain the scope of Physical education and Health Education
Content
Physical education can be defined as the education that deals with the all-round development of an individual through carefully selected physical activities. It can also be described as an integral part of the total process of education that makes use of selected and properly conducted physical activities in the development of the whole individual.
Scope of Physical Education
Physical education has evolved as a multi-disciplinary subject over time and its scope is not confined to physical fitness and knowing the rules of games and sports. The following are scopes of physical education:
Games and Sports as a Cultural Heritage
The games and sports activities that you play today have a strong linkage to our culture. Sport activities which dominate any region are embedded in the cultural milieu. Some of the sports that reflect the culture of a region of our country are Kho-Kho, Kabbadi, Archery, Lezim, Wrestling and so on. Our ancestors survived on hunting with the use of throwing stones as well as bow and arrows, running, jumping etc. were used for survival and recreation. Later when man became more civilised, it took the shape of competitive sports like athletics, wrestling, archery and so on. So, we can see a strong bonding of our culture in the present evolution of games and sports.
Mechanical Aspects in Physical Education
Physical education takes into consideration the mechanical aspects of various physical activities being performed. You are aware that the concepts regarding laws of motion, lever, force and its generation, maintenance of equilibrium, the centre of gravity and its impact on movements, the law of acceleration, speed and its development form important content areas of physical education. You will also study these aspects in your science textbook.
Biological Contents in Physical Education
The contents are drawn from the biological sciences take into consideration the areas of heredity and environment, growth and development, organs and systems, understanding of joints classification, and possible movements around these joints. In addition, muscles and their properties, the effect of exercise on various systems of the body (like circulatory, respiratory, muscular, digestive and skeletal systems) are also linked to physical activities.
Health Education and Wellness Contents in Physical Education
Physical education includes contents related to the area of health education through understanding the concept of hygiene, knowledge about various communicable and non-communicable diseases, problems relating to health and their prevention, proper nutrition and balanced diet. Community health, school health service programme, assessment of health status, prevention, safety and first aid for common injuries are also included in the scope of physical education.
Psycho-social Content of Physical Education
Psycho-social aspect of physical education extends to the study of areas regarding individual differences, personality development, learning of various skills, motivation and its techniques, anxiety management, ethical and social values, group dynamics, cooperation, cohesiveness and learning. It also focuses on emotional development, relationships with peer/parents and others, self-concept and self-esteem.
Talent Identification and Training Content in Physical Education
Physical education includes contents with regard to talent identification, development of components in relation to a specific sport, understanding of various types of activities like aerobic, anaerobic, rhythmic and callisthenics. Training programmes, learning and perfection of various movements, sports skills, techniques and tactical patterns, warming up, load adaptation, recovery and cooling down are also a part of physical education.