ORAL COMPOSITION
ENGLISH LANGUAGE S.S.S1 THIRD TERM
WEEK TWO
THEME: SPEECH
ORAL COMPOSITION
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE
Students should be able to;
- Narrate various stories
- Answer questions from the questions
THEME: VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
WORDS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERTISING
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE
Students should be able to;
- Identify words associated with advertising
- Use words to form contextual sentences
CONTENT
Here are twenty terms often used in the world of advertising.
1 ad abbr. advertisement - advert abbr.
2 advertisement n. item of publicity for a product or service, in the magazine, on TV etc
3 advertising agency n. company specialising in producing and placing advertisements for clients
4 AIDA abbr. Attention, Interest, Desire, Action - the objective of all advertisements
5 benefit n. advantage of a product or service, usually derived from its features
6 billboardUS n. signboard, usually outdoors, for advertising posters; hoardingUK
7 circulation n. the average number of copies of a magazine sold in a particular period
8 classified ads n. small advertisements in magazine or newspaper categorised by subject
9 commercial n. paid advertisement on radio or TV
10 coupon n. part of a printed advertisement used for ordering goods, samples etc
11 double-page spread n. advertisement printed across 2 pages in a magazine or newspaper
12 eye-catcherUS n. something that especially attracts one's attention - eye-catching adj.
13 features n. special characteristics of a product, usually leading to certain benefits
14 hoardingUK n. signboard, usually outdoors, for advertising posters; billboardUS
15 poster n. large sheet of paper, usually illustrated, used as advertisement
16 primetime n. hours on radio & TV with the largest audience, esp. the evening hours
17 promote v. to (try to) increase sales of a product by publicising and advertising it
18 slot n. a specific time in a broadcasting schedule, when a commercial may be shown
19 target n. objective; what one is aiming at - target audience n.
20 U.S.P. abbr. Unique Selling Proposition; what makes a product different from others
THEME: READING
COMPREHENSION
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE
Students should be able to;
- Read the passage carefully
- Summarize the passage
- Answer questions from the passage
CONTENT
Mimicry
In biology, mimicry means that two or more organisms seem similar to each other but are not connected according to their biological makeup. Because they resemble each other, one or both get protection from predators. According to most studies, the relationship between the two organs gives more benefit to one rather than both. Usually, the two parties in the mimicry relationship together deceive a third party.
In 1862, Henry Bates, an English biologist, published a paper discussing the great similarities in the color of two separate Brazilian butterflies. Butterflies of one family, the Heliconiidae, are very brightly coloured but cannot be eaten by birds. Those of the other family, the Pieridae, can be eaten. He believed that predators can recognize by colouration that the members of the Heliconiidae family cannot be eaten. They transfer that knowledge to the other family of butterflies. Thus, both families, including the edible kind, are protected from predators. This type of mimicry is called Batesian.
Bates also observed that several similar butterflies of different families were all inedible but looked the same. They all were protected from predators. He wondered why this was the case. A German biologist stated that he thought the reason several species looked alike although all were harmful to predators was to allow the predators to learn from one that all were dangerous. The tendency of inedible or dangerous species to look alike to protect each other is called Mullerian mimicry after Franz Muller.
In some situations, it benefits a predator to look like its prey. A predator takes on some aspects of its prey to gain the advantage of it or a third party. It may do this only during one stage of its being. For example, the eggs of a parasitic cuckoo resemble those of its host organism. This is called aggressive mimicry.
In automimicry, members of a species have an advantage because they resemble others of their species. For example, males of many bees and wasps do not have stingers. However, they closely resemble those which do have stingers. In addition, some butterflies take in poison from some plants they eat when they are larvae. Other butterflies of the same family, but a different subgroup, do not eat poisonous plants, but they are connected to the others in the minds of the predators.
Other types of mimicry are different from all those mentioned above. South American coral snakes are very poisonous. They are striped in red, black and yellow. Several types of non-poisonous or not lethal snakes have almost the exact colouring. They are called false coral snakes.
Certain chemicals in plants can protect the plants from being eaten. These can affect the heart or stimulate the brain to cause vomiting. The amount of the chemical which causes heart failure is much greater than that which may cause vomiting. Therefore, an animal which tastes just a little of the plant and vomits learns never to go back for more.
The larvae of a type of butterfly which includes the monarch butterfly eat the poison of the Asclepias milkweed. They have no bad effects from it. However, when they grow to adulthood, this poison protects them from vertebrate predators.
Sometimes predators can still break through the protected species. Bee-eater birds can eat bees with stingers because they have a horny beak which protects them from being stung. They are able to remove the stinger before they swallow the prey by wiping it on a branch.
1) Which of the following demonstrates Mullerian mimicry?
A: Members of different inedible species look-alike to protect each other.
B: Members of a species look like others of the same species.
C: A predator looks like its prey.
D: Two species look alike, but one is dangerous, and one is not.
2) Which of the following is an example of a predator being able to overcome and eat dangerous prey?
A: Bee-eater birds
B: Monarch butterflies
C: Coral snakes
D: Both a and b
3) Which type of mimicry exists when two families, one poisonous and one not, are both protected from predators by the similarity in appearance?
A: Automimicry
B: Batesian
C: Mullerian
D: Aggressive
4) Which of the following is the name of the type of mimicry which says that different types of inedible species look-alike to protect each other?
A: Aggressive
B: Batesian
C: Mullerian
D: Automimicry
5) Which of the following did Henry Bates believe?
A: Predators can recognize by colour prey which cannot be eaten.
B: Dangerous species look-alike to protect each other.
C: Members of a species can have an advantage for protection if they look like other members of their species which are dangerous.
D: It can benefit a predator to look like its prey.
6) Which of the following is a true statement?
A: Franz Muller was German.
B: Henry Bates was Italian.
C: Mimicry means that two different species which act alike may receive protection.
D: Henry Bates wrote a paper about Costa Rican butterflies.
THEME: STRUCTURE
TYPES OF SENTENCES
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE
Students should be able to;
- Explain simple and compound sentences
- Give examples of simple and compound sentences
CONTENT
There are mainly three kinds of sentences in English: simple, complex and compound.
Simple sentence
A simple sentence consists of just one clause. Examples are given below.
- The dog barks.
- The kettle boils.
- Birds live in nests.
- The boys are singing.
In its simplest form, a simple sentence consists of a subject and a verb.
We can add more meaning to the sentence by including qualifiers, objects, complements etc.
- Sitting on a branch, the monkey gibbered.
- The little girl was carrying a basket on her head.
Compound sentence
A compound sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses.
- The boys sang and the girls danced.
This compound sentence consists of two simple clauses connected by the coordinating conjunction and.
Another example is given below.
- Men may come and men may go, but I go on forever.
This compound sentence consists of three independent clauses.
We make compound sentences by joining independent clauses with the help of coordinating conjunctions.
More examples of compound sentences are given below.
- You may watch TV or you can go out to play.
- You should either sit quietly or go out.
- The old man could neither see nor hear.
- He took the test several times but he couldn’t pass.
- He is famous, yet he is very humble.
- She was angry, still, she kept her cool.
- The thieves not only robbed the man of his possessions but also inflicted injuries on him.