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SubjectFree lesson

FLOUR MIXTURES, CREAMING, RUBBING-IN E.T.C.

ClassNotes Team 5 MIN READUPDATED 14 JUN 2026

FOOD AND NUTRITION SSS2 SECOND TERM     

WEEK 1

FLOUR MIXTURES, CREAMING, RUBBING-IN ETC

CONTENT

CAKES

The higher the proportion of fat and eggs to flour, the richer the cake.  Therefore the richness of a cake depends mainly on the proportion of fat and eggs to flour used.

The methods of making cakes include:

(1)     Creaming method

(2)     Rubbing – in method

(3)     Whisking method

(4)     Melting method

1. Creaming Method:  Both the fat and sugar which are used in equal amounts are beaten together until creamy, cakes which are produced using this method include wedding cakes, birthday cakes, Christmas cakes, Victoria sandwiches and queen cakes etc.

2. Rubbing-in method: In this method, the fat is rubbed into the flour with the fingertips until the mixture resembles bread crumbs or fine garri.  Plain cakes, buns etc. are produced using this method.

3. Whisking method:  The eggs and sugar are whisked together until thick and frothy.  The flour is then folded in lightly.  Sponge cakes are produced using this method.

4. Melting method: This method is used for making gingerbread.  The fat is melted together with sugar or syrup.

EVALUATION

I.       State four methods for making cakes.

2.       Explain two of the methods stated above.

Recipe for Rubbing-in method: Scones

Ingredients                      quantities

Flour                               200g

Margarine                        50g

Milk or water                    125 ml

Baking powder                 10g

Castor sugar                     25-50g

Method

1. Sieve the flour, baking powder and salt.

2. Rub in the fat to a sandy texture.

3. Make a well in the centre.

4. Add the sugar and the liquid.

5. Dissolve the sugar in the liquid.

6. Gradually incorporate the flour mix lightly.

7. Roll out two rounds 1cm (1/2 in) thick.

8. Place on a greased baking sheet

9. Cut across halfway through the rounds with a large knife.

10. Milk wash in a moderate oven for 15 – 20 min.

Creaming method:  Large fruit cake

Ingredients                       Quantity

Flour                               200g                      80z

Margarine                        125g                      50z

Glace cherries                   50g                       20z

Eggs                                2-3

Chopped peel                   100g                      40z

Castor sugar                     125g                      50z

Fruits-currents, sultanas    200g                      80z

Almonds                          50g                       20z

Mixed spice                      ½ tablespoon  

Baking powder                 ½ tablespoon

Method:

1.       Cream fat and sugar until soft and fluffy.

2.       Gradually add the beaten eggs, and mix well.

3.       Fold in the sieved flour, washed and dried fruit, chopped cherries, spice and peel, and combine lightly.

4.       Place in a lightly greased 14cm (17 Inc) cake tin lined with greased greaseproof paper.

5.       Place the almond on top, whole, sliced or chopped.

6.       Bake Regulo 3 (1500C) for approx.  ¾ hr.

7.       Reduce the heat to Regulo 1 (1200C).  Cover with a sheet of paper.  Bake for a further 1 ¼ hr approx.

Test by inserting a thin needle or skewer in the centre if the cake is cooked it should come out clean, if it is not cooked a little raw cake mixture sticks to the needle. When baking, avoid slamming the oven door.  Open and close it gently.  An inrush of cold air checks the rising and may cause the mixture to rise unevenly.  Moving or shaking the cake before it has set will cause it to sink in the middle.

Whisking method:

Genoese sponge:

Ingredients                      Quantities

Eggs                                4

Castor sugar                     100g            40z

Flour                               100g            40z

Butter                              50g

Method:

1. Whisk the eggs and sugar with a balloon whisk in a bowl over a pan of hot water.

2. Continue until the mixture is light and creamy, and double in bulk.

3. Remove from the heat and whisk until cold and thick (ribbon stage)

4. Fold in the flour very gently.

5. Fold in the melted butter very gently.

6. Place in a greased floured Genoese mould.

7. Bake in a moderately hot oven (2000C – 2300C) for approx 30 min.

Melting method:  Basic Recipe

Ingredients                Quantities

Flour                               450g

Sugar                              225g

Egg                                 1

Milk                                 300ml

Magazine                         175g

Baking powder                 1 tablespoon (levelled)

Bicarbonate of soda          1 tablespoon (levelled)

Treacle or syrup                350g

Salt                                 1 tablespoon

Method:

1. Grease and line the tin. Sieve all dry ingredients together.

2. Gently heat the fat, sugar, treacle or syrup together till liquid.  Do not allow the mixture to become too hot.

3. Warm the milk, beat the egg,

4. Combine all the ingredients.  Mix thoroughly and pour the mixture into the prepared cake tin.

5. Bake in a slow oven for 1 ½ hrs or until the cake is done.

Gingerbread: To the basic recipe add

1 tablespoon ground ginger

50g candied peel or sultanas (boil chopped ginger in syrup or ½ hr, drain before using) sift ground

ginger with flour.  Add chopped ginger to dry the ingredients.  Follow the instructions for the basic recipe.

EVALUATION:

List two methods for making cakes and types of cakes that can be baked using these methods.

READING ASSIGNMENT

TOPIC: Basic Methods for cake making

Reference Book: Students’ cookery book by Enid Wright pages 160-172

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Large fruit cake is prepared using _____ method. (a) Whisking method (b) creaming method (c) frying method

2. Genoese sponge is baked using _____ method. (a) Whisking (b) rubbing in (c) creaming

3. Gingerbread is prepared using _______ method. (a) whisking (b) Rubbing in (c) melting

4. Scores are prepared using _____ method. (a) Rubbing in (b) Whisking (c) Moulding

5. We have _____ basic methods of preparing the cake. (a) Ten  (b) Four (c) one

THEORY

1.       State the basic method of preparing cakes.

2.       State four types of cakes and the method for preparing each.